Secondary X-rays from Animal Tissues

X-rays from Open Clusters

The present state of X-ray observations of cool stars in co-eval open clusters is reviewed. Concentrating on ROSAT results for solar-type stars, the available observational dataset is summarized along with those details of the evolution of X-ray activity of low mass stars which have been firmly established as a result. Observational questions which are as yet unresolved are then addressed, incl...

X-rays from Supernova Remnants

A summary of X-ray observations of supernova remnants is presented including the explosion fragment A of the Vela SNR, Tycho, N132D, RX J08524622, the Crab Nebula and the ’bulls eye’, and SN 1987A, high-lighting the progress made with Chandra and XMMNewton and touching upon the questions which arise from these observations and which might inspire future research.

X - rays from Planetary Nebulae

Two sources of X-ray emission are expected from planetary nebulae: the hot central stars with Teff > 10 5 K, and shocked fast stellar winds at temperatures of 10 − 10 K. The stellar emission and nebular emission differ in spatial distribution and spectral properties. Observations of Xray emission from PNe may provide essential information on formation mechanisms and physical conditions of PNe. ...

X-rays from Cataclysmic Variables

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Diphosphopyridine nucleotide isocitric dehydrogenase from animal tissues.